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Extra horsepower = approx. 10HP. Since the Ridgeline produces peak horsepower at 5750 RPMs we can calculate that the engine is making about 225 lb-ft of torque on regular gas and just under 235 lb-ft of torque on premium (at 5750 RPMs).This thread is a very interesting read. What gain in HP, torque, and mpg could I expect if I burned premium fuel in my RL? Would the benefits outway the extra .20 per gallon. I would gladly pay it if I could actually see a difference. Thanks.
If we could actually produce that extra 10HP across the band (which we can't) and had minimal driveline losses we could potentially gain about 3% in fuel economy. You won't actually get that much, but there's the potential.
So if you averaged 20MPG on regular gas you could may get as high as 20.6MPG on premium. So how much does this cost or save you.
Let's go for a figure of cost per 1000 miles. I'll use $3 per gallon for regular and $3.20 per gallon for premium (using your 20 cent figure).
Regular gasoline: You would burn 50 gallons in 1000 miles for a total cost of $150.00
Premium gasoline: You would burn 48.54 gallons in 1000 miles for a total cost of $155.33
There are a lot of assumptions in the above variables, but it's good enough for an example.
Can you actually feel 10 horsepower on a ~250 horsepower engine? Nope. You can measure it, however a "butt dyno" is not that accurate. Manufacturing variations probably account for more than 10 horsepower variation between engines to start with.
Hope this info helps.